CDA (Carbon Direct Avoidance)

• Various short term measures taken by EU mills to reduce their carbon footprint using existing technology: eg hydrogen injection, coke gas injection, BF charging of waste, plastics, scrap and HBI etc.
• Alternative established ironmaking technologies: Natural gas based DRI, Corex, Finex
• Alternative innovative ironmaking technologies: Hisarna, hydrogen based ironmaking/green hydrogen production, and other
  
  

CCU (Carbon Capture and Use)

CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage)

Key questions addressed in this study:

• What is the potential and what are the limitations of the various paths towards decarbonization?
• What are the challenges that need to be overcome? Such as raw materials availability, green energy production requirements, energy costs and required investments?
• What are the decarbonization strategies adopted by various leading EU mills?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of various EU mills in terms of their decarbonization potential?
• What are the consequences and complications of developing a Carbon Border Adjustment, as currently being studied by the European Commission?
• View of the expected decarbonization timeline for the EU steel industry
  Which risk factors exist that could speed up or delay the transformation of the industry?

The report contains 220 pages in PowerPoint slide format.